Bowel polyps are small growths on the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) or rectum. Bleeding from the rectum is the most common symptom.
Miss Boorman can diagnose and provide treatment for polyps of the colon and rectum.
Bowel polyps are very common, affecting around 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives.
They are slightly more common in men than women and are most common in people over the age of 60.
Some people develop just one polyp, while others may have a few.
Symptoms of bowel polyps
Bowel polyps don't usually cause any symptoms, so most people with polyps won't know they have them. They are often picked up during screening for bowel cancer.
However, some larger polyps can cause:
- a small amount of slime (mucus) or blood in your poo (rectal bleeding)
- diarrhoea or constipation
- pain in your tummy (abdominal pain)
Bowel cancer risk
Polyps don't usually turn into cancer. But if some types of polyps (called adenomas) are not removed, there's a chance they may eventually become cancerous. Doctors believe that most bowel cancers develop from adenoma polyps.
However, very few polyps will turn into cancer, and it takes many years for this to happen.
Because of the risk of bowel polyps developing into cancer, your doctor will always recommend getting polyps treated.
Treatments for bowel polyps
There are several methods for treating polyps, but the most common procedure involves physically removing the polyp using a wire loop. This happens during a procedure called a colonoscopy.
The colonoscopy involves passing a flexible tube called a colonoscope through your bottom and up into your bowel. The colonoscope has a wire attached to it with an electric current through it. This wire is used to either burn off (cauterise) or cut off (snare) the polyp. Both of these methods are painless.
In rare cases, polyps may need to be treated by surgically removing part of the bowel. This is usually only done when the polyp has some cell changes, if it is particularly large, or if there are a lot of polyps.
After the polyp or polyps have been removed, they are sent to specialists in a laboratory, who will inform your consultant if:
- the polyp has been completely removed
- there is any risk of it regrowing
- there is any cancerous change in the polyp
If there is a cancerous change in the polyp, you may need further treatment (depending on the degree and extent of change). Your specialist will be able to advise you on this.
Did you know
That fewer than 1 percent of all colon polyps will become cancerous? In fact, polyps can be found in approximately one-third of all adults over the age 60 and increase in prevalence with age. However, all colon polyps should be detected and removed, as doing so can prevent the development of colon cancer.
Causes of bowel polyps
Doctors don't know the exact cause of bowel polyps. It is thought that they are caused by the body producing too many cells in the lining of the bowel. These extra cells then form into a bump, which is the polyp.
You may be more likely to develop bowel polyps if:
- a member of your family has had bowel polyps or bowel cancer
- you have a condition that affects your gut, such as colitis or Crohn's disease
- you are overweight or smoke
Diagnosing bowel polyps
Bowel polyps are usually found when your bowel is being looked at for another reason or during screening for bowel cancer
If polyps are found, a colonoscopy or CT colonography is needed to view the whole of the large bowel and remove them at the same time.
Monitoring bowel polyps
Some people with a certain type of polyp may be at risk of it coming back in the future (recurring).
This is uncommon, but means you'll need examining (by colonoscopy) at regular intervals of around three to five years. This is to catch any further polyps that may develop and potentially turn into bowel cancer.